Detection of Terpenoid and Flavonoid of Five Species of Mistletoes at Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook.f. & Th and Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. by using Thin Layer Chromatography Method

Abstract

Mistletoe is a parasitic plant that is well known for causing significant damage to forestry plants; nevertheless, its value in traditional medicine has yet to be proven. This study aims to investigate terpenoid and flavonoid compounds of Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh, Scurrula atropurpurea (Bl.) Dans., Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Dans., Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. found on Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook.f. & Th, known as Kepel, and Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers, known as Bungur, using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The research was conducted at Universitas Gadjah Mada's Department of Pharmaceutical Biology. Each mistletoe was extracted using dichloromethane for terpenoid detection, and ethanol 70% for flavonoid detection. Terpenoid and flavonoid compounds were detected using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) in the stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254. The mobile phase of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (93:7) was used for terpenoid detection, meanwhile both mobile phase of n-butanol: ethyl acetate: formic acid: water (5:5:2:1) and ethyl acetate: formic acid: water (90:5:5) were used for flavonoid detection. The result was further investigated under visible light and UV light 254 & 366 nm followed by anisaldehyde-H2SO4 spray reagent and thymol standard for terpenoid detection, and sitroborat spray reagent with rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin standard for flavonoid detection. Terpenoid was found on hRf 10, 20, 50, 60, 70, and 85 whereas it was found on hRf 30 for thymol standard. Flavonoid was found on hRf: 40, 50, 60, 70, and 85 whereas it was found on hRf 60 for rutin standard. Quercetin was found in mistletoe and its host on hRf: 60, however, quercitrin was only found in mistletoe species on hRf : 65.