Seno cavernoso: anatomía, histología y terminología

Abstract

Background: Although the cavernous sinus (CS) has been studied since 1695, its anatomy and name are still under discussion. Method: Anatomy and histology of 40 CS from human cadavers were studied, included both from a newborn specimen. Results: Two walls limit the CS, an inferior medial one composed only of the dura’s outer layer and a superior lateral one consisting of both dura’s layers. Sinusoidal veins pass through the lateral wall of the CS as a transition between venous tributaries and the CS. An endothelial layer covers the inner surface of the CS and the outer surface of the internal carotid artery. The space within the CS shows trabeculae, which are rarer in adults compared to the newborn. The loss of trabeculae in the CS may be a natural process along with life. Conclusions: In conclusion, the CS is a real sinus, and the term “cavernous sinus” is appropriately applied.