Critique of radical religious paradigm: An epistemological analysis from principles of Islamic thought

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Abstract

As one important factor enabling Islamophobia, radicalism has been a global issue endangering personal safety and public security. It is strongly associated with incorrect understanding of religious doctrines. This paper aims to present a critique of religious paradigm promoted by the radical groups from principles of Islamic thought (us}u>l fiqh) perspective. Using epistemological analysis to uncover the nature of their religious understanding and its justification, this study argues that radical religious paradigm is characterized with monolithic, textual, and rigid interpretation of the sacred texts. According to the radical groups, the sources of Islamic laws or teachings are restricted to only the Quran and the hadith, leaving no space for alternative interpretations. They do not give a place for ra’yu (reason) in determining the laws or teachings. In the other hands, us}u>l fiqh maintains that the sources of the Islamic laws or teachings are not restricted to only the two said sources; it also gives a place for ra’yu (reason). From us}u>l fiqh perspective, the sources can also be found in the form of isyarah (signalling) and ruh (spirit) of the Quran and the hadith. In this sense, us}u>l fiqh refuses the literal interpretation proposed by the radical groups since not all of the texts in the Quran and the hadith can be understood literally. Sebagai faktor penting di balik munculnya Islamofobia, radikalisme telah menjadi isu global yang membahayakan keselamatan diri dan keamanan publik. Ia berkaitan erat dengan pemahaman yang salah perihal doktrin agama. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan kritik atas paradigma beragama yang dianut oleh kelompok radikal dari perspektif us}u>l fiqh. Dengan menggunakan analisis epistemologis untuk mengungkap hakikat pemahaman agama mereka berikut justifikasinya, studi ini berpendapat bahwa paradigma beragama yang radikal dicirikan dengan penafsiran yang monolitik, tekstual dan kaku terhadap teksteks suci agama. Menurut kelompok radikal, sumber hukum atau ajaran Islam hanya terbatas pada al-Quran dan hadits, tanpa menyisakan ruang untuk alternatif penafsiran. Mereka tidak memberikan tempat untuk ra’yu (akal pikiran) dalam menentukan hukum atau ajaran. Di sisi lain, usu}>l fiqh menyatakan bahwa sumber hukum atau ajaran Islam tidak terbatas hanya pada dua sumber tersebut; us}ul>fiqh juga memberi ruang bagi ra’yu (akal pikiran). Dari perspektif us}u>l fiqh, sumber-sumber tersebut juga dapat ditemukan melalui isyarah (pensinyalan) dan ruh (semangat) dalam al-Quran dan hadits. Di sini, us}u>l fiqh menolak penafsiran literal yang diusung oleh kelompok radikal karena tidak semua teks dalam al-Quran dan hadis dapat dipahami secara literal.

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APA

Rohayana, A. D., & Sofi, M. J. (2021). Critique of radical religious paradigm: An epistemological analysis from principles of Islamic thought. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(1), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJIMS.V11I1.163-184

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