Influence of temperature pyrolysis and biomass size particles on characterization of bio oil derived fromPinus Merkusii flower

Abstract

Increased human populations induce enhanced developments in industry, transportation, infrastructure and other areas. To date, the energy needed to supply these areas is still mainly derived from fossil fuels. Renewable fuels become an attractive alternative for replacing fossil fuels that are being on the skids. Bio oil is one of the alternative energy sources resulting from biomass pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study is to obtain the bio oil characteristics ofPinus Merkusii flower in vary of temperatures and sizes of biomass powder, those were temperatures of 450 - 550°C and sizes of 0.644 mm and 0.456 mm. Dry pine flower powder was inserted into a fixed bed reactor enclosed by furnace. Prior heating, the N 2 gas was flown through the reactor to dissipate the O 2 gas present in the reactor. After the N 2 gas stream was stopped, the reactor was run in isolated condition. Pyrolysis run at heating rate of 15 °C/min and residence time for 3 hours. From the existing variations, the largest bio oil yield i.e. 45.2011% was obtained from the sample size of 0.644 mm at temperature of 550°C. The resulting bio-oil had the following properties: dark brown, pH of 2.682- 4.053; density of 1.01 - 1.145 gr.cm -3 ; viscosity of 58.544- 103.465 mm 2. s -1 ; acetic acid content of 21 - 49.2 mg.cm -3 and the heating value of 10.850 - 11.663 MJ.kg -1 . The bio oil was potential to be biofuel and bio-chemical materials through upgrading process.