Functionalized polymer microbubbles as new molecular ultrasound contrast agent to target P-selectin in thrombus

Abstract

Thrombotic diseases rarely cause symptoms until advanced stage and sudden death. Thus, early detection of thrombus by a widely spread imaging modality can improve the prognosis and reduce mortality. Here, polymer microbubbles (MBs) made of degradable poly(IsoButylCyanoAcrylate) and functionalized with fucoidan (Fucoidan-MBs) were designed as a new targeted ultrasound contrast agent to image venous thrombus. The physicochemical characterizations demonstrate that the MBs with fucoidan surface exhibit a size of 2–6 μm and stability in suspension at 4 °C up to 2 months. MBs exhibit high echogenicity and could be completely burst under high destructive pulse. Flow chamber experiments on activated human platelets show a higher affinity of Fucoidan-MBs than control anionic MBs (CM-Dextran-MBs) under shear stress conditions. In vivo analysis by ultrasound and histological results demonstrate that Fucoidan-MBs are localized in rat venous thrombotic wall, whereas few CM-Dextran-MBs are present. In addition, the binding of Fucoidan-MBs in healthy vein is not observed. Collectively, Fucoidan-MBs appear as a promising functionalized carrier for ultrasound molecular imaging in thrombotic diseases.