Clinical Efficacy of a Salicylic Acid–Containing Gel on Acne Management and Skin Barrier Function: A 21-Day Prospective Study

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition characterized by excessive sebum production, inflammation, and compromised skin barrier function. Effective treatments should target both lesion reduction and skin hydration while maintaining tolerability. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a salicylic acid–containing gel in reducing sebum levels, improving skin hydration, strengthening the skin barrier, and alleviating acne severity over 21 days. Methods: A single-center, prospective clinical trial was conducted on 42 participants (37 females, 5 males, mean age: 25.86 ± 6.69 years) with mild-to-moderate acne (IGA grade 2–3) and oily or combination skin. Participants applied the gel twice daily for 21 days. Sebum levels (Sebumeter SM815), trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL, Tewameter TM Hex), and skin hydration (Corneometer CM825) were measured at multiple time points. Acne severity was assessed using the IGA scale, and self-reported satisfaction surveys were collected. Results: Following the follow-up period, sebum levels decreased by 23.65% (p < 0.05), while skin hydration increased by 40.5% (p < 0.05). TEWL decreased by 49.26% (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced skin barrier function. The IGA score improved by 23.81% (p < 0.001), demonstrating a significant reduction in acne severity. All participants (100%) reported satisfaction with the product, with notable improvements in oil control, acne reduction, and skin texture. The gel was well tolerated, with only 5% of participants reporting mild, transient itching, which resolved without intervention. Conclusion: The salicylic acid–containing gel effectively reduces acne lesions, regulates sebum production, enhances skin hydration, and strengthens the skin barrier, making it a suitable option for acne-prone and sensitive skin. These findings suggest that the gel provides a well-balanced approach to acne treatment by addressing both clinical efficacy and user comfort.