Processamento de rejeito de carvão visando a redução de custos no tratamento da drenagem ácida de minas - Estudo de caso na Região Carbonífera de Santa Catarina

Abstract

Coal wastes contain many minerals, including the pyrite, which oxidize and generates the acid mine drainage (AMD), a highly polluting effluent. Currently, the Brazilian coal mining operations emphasise AMD control using waste water treatment systems which consume substantial amounts of reagents and generate large amounts of sludge. The aim of this work was to study the acid mine drainage control by another approach, the sulphide exclusion preventive method. The method comprises in removing the pyrite form coal tailings, reducing the acid generation and minimizing the metals load in wastewater treatment plants. Accordingly, a typical coal waste sample was submitted to a density separation process to divide the sample in the following relative density ranges: below 2.2, from 2.2 to 2.7 and above 2.7. All density fractions were submitted to ultimate and proximate analysis. Static and kinetic tests were carried with the raw waste and the pyrite‑free fraction. The results showed that, by gravity processing of coal tailings, it is possible to decrease 30% the volume of wastes. The remaining material presents an acid generation potential of about 80–90% lower than the raw waste. Furthermore, it is expected a reduction in costs of reagents of approximately 85% in acid mine treatment plants.