Dietary patterns and associated factors among the elderly

  • Ferreira M
  • Previdelli Á
  • Freitas T
  • et al.
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Abstract

Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns among the elderly, and associate the same with sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample of 295 elderly residents of both genders of the city of São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil, who were users of public health units. Dietary patterns were identified considering 44 food items identified through 24-hour dietary recall. Factor analysis by the principal components method was used, adopting loads greater than 0.25 as the cut-off point, followed by Varimax orthogonal rotation. The associations were analyzed by the linear regression method, with variables with p<0.20 in univariate regression selected, and those with p<0.05 maintained in the multivariate model. There was a greater percentage of elderly females (85.1%) and those aged 60-69 years (46.4%). Three dietary patterns were identified: the "traditional" pattern was associated with the male gender (β=0.59, p<0.001) and physically active individuals (β=0.39, p=0.020); the "Pastas, pork and sweets" pattern was associated with the male gender (β=0.38, p=0.025) and retired individuals (β=0.55, p=0.017); and the "Coffee with milk and bread and butter" pattern was associated with an age of 80 years or older (β=0.55, p=0.004) and elderly persons who had difficulty chewing (β=0.38, p=0.013). The dietary patterns identified show that the elderly tend to maintain similar eating habits to the Brazilian population in general, and that diet changes to a similar degree as health and life style conditions.Resumo Identificaram-se padrões dietéticos em idosos e associaram-se com características sociodemográficas de saúde e estilo de vida. Este foi um estudo transversal descritivo com amostra não probabilística de 295 idosos residentes no município de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil, usuários de unidades públicas de saúde, de ambos os sexos. Os padrões dietéticos foram identificados, considerando-se 44 itens alimentares oriundos de Recordatório de 24 horas. Utilizou-se análise fatorial pelo método de componentes principais, adotando-se como ponto de corte cargas superiores a 0,25, seguida de rotação ortogonal Varimax. As associações foram realizadas pelo método de regressão linear, sendo selecionadas as variáveis que obtiveram p<0,20 na regressão univariada, e mantidas no modelo multivariado aquelas com p<0,05. Observou-se maior percentual de idosos do sexo feminino (85,1%) e na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (46,4%). Foram identificados três padrões dietéticos: o padrão Tradicional, associado com sexo masculino (β=0,59, p<0,001) e praticantes de atividade física (β=0,39, p=0,020); o padrão Massa, carne suína e doce, o qual se associou com o sexo masculino (β=0,38, p=0,025) e idosos aposentados (β=0,55, p=0,017); e o padrão Café com leite e pão com manteiga, que se associou a faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais (β=0,55, p=0,004) e idosos que apresentavam dificuldade de mastigação (β=0,38, p=0,013). Os padrões dietéticos identificados demonstram que os idosos tendem a manter os hábitos alimentares similares aos da população brasileira em geral, e a dieta é alterada na medida em que as condições de saúde e de vida se modificam.

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Ferreira, M. P. do N., Previdelli, Á. N., Freitas, T. I. de, Marques, K. M., Goulart, R. M. M., & Aquino, R. de C. de. (2017). Dietary patterns and associated factors among the elderly. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20(4), 534–544. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.160115

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