Cholecystectomy in Children: Indications and Timing

Abstract

Background: Pediatric cholelithiasis has become increasingly diagnosed, partly due to enhanced imaging accessibility and rising obesity rates. Despite laparoscopic cholecystectomy being the standard treatment, the optimal timing for surgery remains debated, especially in complicated cases. The aim of our study is to analyze the demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing cholecystectomy and to identify the most favorable timing for surgery in terms of outcomes and complications. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 101 pediatric patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2015 and 2024 at a tertiary children’s hospital. Patients were categorized based on surgical timing: elective, early (day 1–4), intermediate (day 5–14), and delayed (after day 14). Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory values, imaging, operative time, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: The median age was 15 years, with 64.35% female. Obesity was highly prevalent and significantly associated with choledocholithiasis and pancreatitis. Elective and delayed surgeries (after 14 days) had the shortest operative times (median: 2 h) and the lowest complication rates. Early surgeries (within 4 days) showed longer operative times and a higher incidence of intraoperative difficulties and complications. Histopathological findings did not influence clinical management, suggesting potential for selective examination. Conclusions: Elective or delayed cholecystectomy after a “cool-down” period of 5–14 days provides the most favorable outcomes in pediatric patients with complicated cholelithiasis. Conservative management remains appropriate for asymptomatic cases. A standardized approach to surgical timing may reduce complications and hospital costs