Recent Achievements in the Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives: A Comprehensive Overview of the State of the Art

Abstract

Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) are widely used as tractionmotors in electric drive-trains because of their high torque-per-ampere characteristics and potentialfor wide field-weakening operations to expand the constant-power range. This paper offers acategorization and a comprehensive overview of the control techniques applied to IPMSM drivesin addition to presenting the necessary theoretical background. The basic concept, features andlimitations, as well as the latest developments of the strategies, are summarized in the paper. Thisoverview helps to lay the theoretical basis as well as to clarify the opportunities, challenges andfuture trends for controlling IPMSM drives for traction applications.