GIS-BASED ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL VULNERABILITY IN THE JATABEK (JAKARTA, TANGERANG, AND BEKASI) REGION, INDONESIA

Abstract

JATABEK (Jakarta, Tangerang, and Bekasi) is a significant area where massive developments are concentrated in the coastal region, becoming the center of industry. Due to the vulnerable coastal area, threats of hazards and disasters are undoubtedly avoided. Therefore, assessing coastal vulnerability is crucial to identifying the potency of coastal damages throughout the JATABEK coastal zone. This study examines six primary parameters (geomorphology, elevation and slope, land use, rigid structure, and coastline changes) to determine the coastal vulnerability in the study area using GIS-based and scoring assessments. The coastline change is quantified based on Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). The scored parameters are then analyzed using Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) to gain the distribution of vulnerability levels in the study area. Of particular concern, 42.27% of the JATABEK coastline is categorized as a less vulnerable area. In contrast, 31.59% and 11.45% of the coastal area are categorized as high and very high vulnerability, concentrated in the Bekasi Regency and a little part of Tangerang. The remnant categories are moderate (9.56%), and very low (1.73%) vulnerability observed in the Tangerang and eastern part of Jakarta Bay. The presence of permanent artificial structures, land elevation and slope, and land use changes are the most impactful factors determining coastal vulnerability in the study area. Therefore, mitigation efforts are crucial to stabilize the overwhelming abrasion and deal with tidal flooding events in the vulnerable areas.