Ternary compound Ti3SiC2: Part I. Pulse discharge sintering synthesis

Abstract

Pulse discharge sintering (PDS) technique was employed to synthesize the ternary compound Ti3SiC2 from four starting powder mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that when the starting material of 3Ti/Si/2C or 3Ti/SiC/C was used high content of the secondary phase, TiC, higher than 30 mass%, was found in the sintered material. When TiC powder as starting material was used (Ti/Si/2TiC) in the same stoichiometric composition, however, the final sintered product contained low TiC content of a few percent. Further adjusting the composition to the off-stoichiometric of 2Ti/2Si/3TiC, the content of the secondary phase TiC was further controlled to be around 1 mass%. In the materials sintered from Ti/Si/2TiC and 2Ti/2Si/3TiC an optimum sintering temperature exists at 1573 K, at which the highest Ti3SiC2 phase purity was achieved. When sintered at the optimum temperature a density of higher than 99% was obtained. At the optimum sintering temperature, both the phase purity and the density of the material sintered from 2Ti/2Si/3TiC showed very little dependence on the sintering time ranging from a few minutes to four hours, indicating the phase stability at this temperature.