Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections

Abstract

N THE forensic document examination, the decision of the historical order of intersection strokes between the toner and ballpoint inks is paramount a challenge issue. Two kinds of intersections are produced on three different kinds of papersheets. The digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy are two non-destroy techniques used to decide, these sequences via cross lines. Four physical properties obtained at the crossing point under the digital microscope were, specular reflection, ink gloss, ink spreading and gap. The results of the digital microscope detect that the two kinds of crossing strokes except the red color of ink crossed over the toner. The results of Raman spectroscopy manifested that the crossing point similar to the pure ink executed later. The complementary techniques of Raman spectroscopy and the digital microscope were necessary to achieve a complete determination of the stroke’s intersection sequences of the toner and ballpoint ink.