Latency-Sensitive Wireless Communication in Dynamically Moving Robots for Urban Mobility Applications

Abstract

Highlights: This paper explores the impact of robot motion dynamics on wireless communication for urban environments. Experimental results show that higher speeds and rotational movements degrade WiFi performance, increasing latency and packet loss. In contrast, 5G networks maintain low latency and strong stability, even under electromagnetic interference. The findings highlight the advantages of 5G and the need for motion-aware communication strategies in mobile robotic systems. What are the main findings? Dynamic robot movements—especially high forward velocity and yaw rotation—significantly degrade network communication, increasing latency and packet loss. 5G networks maintain low latency, reduced packet loss, and strong resilience to electromagnetic interference, even during complex robotic motion. What is the implication of the main finding? Robotic systems should incorporate motion-aware communication strategies and trajectory planning to maintain reliable real-time connectivity. 5G technology is better suited for latency-sensitive urban robotic applications, offering more robust performance in dynamic and interference-prone environments. Reliable wireless communication is essential for mobile robotic systems operating in dynamic environments, particularly in the context of smart mobility and cloud-integrated urban infrastructures. This article presents an experimental study analyzing the impact of robot motion dynamics on wireless network performance, contributing to the broader discussion on data reliability and communication efficiency in intelligent transportation systems. Measurements were conducted using a quadruped robot equipped with an onboard edge computing device, navigating predefined trajectories in a laboratory setting designed to emulate real-world variability. Key wireless parameters, including signal strength (RSSI), latency, and packet loss, were continuously monitored alongside robot kinematic data such as speed, orientation (roll, pitch, yaw), and movement patterns. The results show a significant correlation between dynamic motion—especially high forward velocities and rotational maneuvers—and degradations in network performance. Increased robot speeds and frequent orientation changes were associated with elevated latency and greater packet loss, while static or low-motion periods exhibited more stable communication. These findings highlight critical challenges for real-time data transmission in mobile IoRT (Internet of Robotic Things) systems, and emphasize the role of network-aware robotic behavior, interoperable communication protocols, and edge-to-cloud data integration in ensuring robust wireless performance within smart city environments.