Nanotechnology in Periodontics: A Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is emerging as a transformative field in periodontics, offering advanced solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and regeneration of periodontal tissues. By leveraging nanoscale materials such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, and nanosensors, clinicians can achieve targeted drug delivery, enhanced antimicrobial action, and superior tissue healing compared to conventional approaches. Nanoparticles improve therapeutic efficiency by penetrating biofilms, enabling sustained drug release, and minimizing systemic side effects, while nanostructured scaffolds and growth factor–loaded carriers significantly enhance periodontal regeneration. Nano-diagnostic platforms, including lab-on-a-chip devices and quantum dots, allow rapid, highly sensitive detection of inflammatory biomarkers for early disease monitoring. Emerging technologies such as dentifrobots and autonomous microbots further highlight the futuristic potential of precision periodontal therapy. Despite their promise, concerns around cytotoxicity, ethical issues, and regulatory compliance require careful evaluation. Overall, nanotechnology represents a significant advancement toward personalized, effective, and minimally invasive periodontal care.