The effect of self-management interventions on improving the capability of daily living activities (ADL) in stroke patients: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Physical problems encountered in stroke patients such as a physical disorder, facial paralysis, and speech disorders. The weakness of the patient’s limbs causes the patient to become helpless and unable to regulate himself. The problem requires self-management as a form of adaptation to new conditions. A self-management program is very necessary to increase motivation and enthusiasm to face the condition of his physical weakness after a stroke, to increase the spirit of physical activity. Self-management is a provision for stroke patients and their families to prepare themselves in managing themselves and managing post-stroke diseases. Thus this article is aimed to report the effect of self-management interventions on improving the capability of daily living activities (ADL) in stroke patients from several research. Methods: Researchers search for data sources using two databases, namely ProQuest and Ebsco. The keywords used are “Stroke”, “Self-Management”, “Activities of Daily Living”. The article was included in this article if it related to rehabilitation of stroke patients at home with self-management interventions with outcomes seen in activity daily living including the ability to ambulate, eat, dress, bathe and dress, using an observational design (Crosectional, Cohort, Case-Control), quasi-experimental, pre-experimental and RCT, and from 2015 to 2020, and using English. The article selection process was by the guidelines of the PRISMA to measure the quality of systematic reviews. Results: From the database search, 6,749 articles were identified, then 5 articles that met the review requirements were identified. From the results of the review, it was found that self-management intervention by empowering patients through knowledge and skills of self-management, problem-solving, the importance of physical activity can help patients to increase their activity of daily living (ADL). Conclusion: Of the 5 articles reviewed, one article reported an increase in ADL ability in walking activities. Then 4 other articles, reported an increase in ADL ability with assessment instruments using the Barthel index, Functional independent measure (FIM), Stroke impact scale (SIS). The time needed to carry out self-management interventions is 3 weeks to 6 months.