Identification of conclusive association entities in biomedical articles

Abstract

Background: Conclusive association entities (CAEs) in a biomedical article a are those biomedical entities (e.g., genes, diseases, and chemicals) that are specifically involved in the associations concluded in a. Identification of CAEs among candidate entities in the title and the abstract of an article is essential for curation and exploration of conclusive findings in biomedical literature. However, the identification is challenging, as it is difficult to conduct semantic analysis to determine whether an entity is a specific target on which the reported findings are conclusive enough. Results: We investigate how five types of statistical indicators can contribute to prioritizing the candidate entities so that CAEs can be ranked on the top for exploratory analysis. The indicators work on titles and abstracts of articles. They are evaluated by the CAEs designated by biomedical experts to curate entity associations concluded in articles. The indicators have significantly different performance in ranking the CAEs identified by the biomedical experts. Some indicators do not perform well in CAE identification, even though they were used in many techniques for article retrieval and keyword extraction. Learning-based fusion of certain indicators can further improve performance. Most of the articles have at least one of their CAEs successfully ranked at top-2 positions. The CAEs can be visualized to support exploratory analysis of conclusive results on the CAEs. Conclusion: With proper fusion of the statistical indicators, CAEs in biomedical articles can be identified for exploratory analysis. The results are essential for the indexing of biomedical articles to support validation of highly related conclusive findings in biomedical literature.