Wind-stress coefficients over sea surface near neutral conditions - a revisit.

Abstract

The Charnock relation uses roughness length to describe the wind disturbed water surface, which is proportional to the ratio between the square of wind friction velocity and gravitational acceleration. Intrinsic errors and limitations of the Charnock relation are illustrated. A refinement is suggested which proposes a probable nondimensional expression between the roughness length and the wind friction velocity involving not only gravity but surface tension and viscosity. (from author's abstract)