Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activators—Promising Therapeutic Option in the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vascular relaxation plays a leading role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and vascular systems and organs, such as the kidneys, brain, and liver. The mechanism of the intracellular action of NO in blood vessels involves the stimulation of the activity of the soluble cytosolic form of guanylyl cyclase (soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC), increasing the level of cyclic 3′-5′—guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in smooth muscle and subsequent vasodilation. In recent years, a new group of drugs, soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulators, has found its way into clinical practice. Based on the CHEST-1 and PATENT-1 trials, riociguat was introduced into clinical practice for treating chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). In January 2021, the FDA approved the use of another drug, vericiguat, for the treatment of heart failure.