A Narrative Review of New Emerging Urological Interventions for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: HoLEP, Rezum, and Aquablation

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is more prevalent with increasing age, leading to presentations with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard surgical treatment, but its limitations and complications have prompted the development of minimally invasive surgeries. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), water vapor therapy (Rezum), and robotic water-jet resection (Aquablation) in benign prostate surgery. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify current literature published between January 2000 and August 2025. Meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were preferred, but all levels of evidence were considered for this article. Search terms included