Attitudes towards mental health professionals in social media: infodemiology study

Abstract

Background Negative perceptions of mental health professionals can deter individuals from seeking mental healthcare. Given the high burden of mental health globally, it is essential to understand attitudes towards mental health professionals. Social media platforms like Twitter/X provide valuable insights into the views of the general population. Aims This study aimed to use social media to investigate the (a) public perceptions (positive or negative) of mental health professionals, (b) changes in these perceptions over time and (c) engagement levels with tweets about mental health professionals over time. Method We collected all tweets posted in English between 2007 and 2023, containing key terms such as 'mental health', 'psychology', 'psychologist', 'psychiatry', 'psychiatrist', 'neurology' and 'neurologist'. A total of 1500 tweets were manually classified into categories, which were used in conjunction with semi-supervised machine learning to categorise a large data-set. Results For most key terms, there was a higher frequency of positive perceptions compared with negative, with this trend improving over time. However, tweets containing 'psychiatrist' exhibited a higher proportion of negative perceptions (n = 4872, 39.52% negative v. n = 1972, 15.99% positive before 2020). After 2020, the gap narrowed, yet negative perceptions continued to dominate (n = 5505, 36.10% negative v. n = 3472, 22.77% positive). Conclusions Overall, positive perceptions of mental health and mental health professionals increased over time. However, 'psychiatrist' had a consistently higher proportion of negative perceptions. This study underscores the need to improve public perception of psychiatrists, and demonstrates the potential of using Twitter/X to better understand public attitudes and reduce stigma associated with accessing mental health services.