The Role of the Integrated District Hospital Based Non Communicable Diseases’ Clinics in Cardiovascular Disease Control: Preliminary Data from Rwanda

Abstract

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), remain the leading cause of death worldwide and represent an emerging global health threat. In Rwanda and elsewhere, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. To address this global health threat, Rwanda launched integrated nurse-led NCD clinics in all the forty-five District Hospitals across the country in 2006, but no evaluation study has been conducted so far for the added value of this program. The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of NCD clinics on disease control in Rwanda. Methods: This was a retrospective ambulatory patient chart review at a rural district hospital and an urban teaching hospital; which enrolled patients with diabetes and/or hypertension who consulted in a period of 1 month with retrospective data of one year. Results: A total of 199 patients’ electronic health records were reviewed from the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) (53%) and Nyamata District Hospital (47%). Among them, 31% had diabetes, 38% had hypertension and 31% had both diseases. The mean age for the total cohort was 60 years and was predominantly female at 70%. Throughout the year, about 59% patients with hypertension had blood pressure control at the district hospital as opposed to 38% at the referral hospital. The rate of diabetes control was 20% at the referral hospital, but no comparison could be established between the two health facilities as the follow up laboratory markers were not available at the district hospital. Conclusion: There was a consistent blood pressure control at the district hospital. Diabetes control was not optimal at the referral hospital despite the presence of human resources and logistics required for diabetes care. The situation was even worse at the district hospital where the follow up markers were rarely available.