Melatonin as preemptive analgesic for intraoperative pain

Abstract

Several anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs have been used to reduce pain and discomfort during periodontal surgeries. This study evaluates the efficacy of using melatonin and ketorolac for pain prevention during open-flap debridement surgery. This prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in patients who presented with chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy, requiring flap surgery. Group 1: Flap surgery following non-surgical periodontal therapy after one month with no oral administration of analgesic. Group 2: Flap surgery following non-surgical periodontal therapy after one month with oral administration of Ketorolac 400mg one hour prior to the surgery. Group 3: Flap surgery following non-surgical periodontal therapy after one month with oral administration of 2 mg Melatonin one hour prior to the surgery. VAS and FLACC score along with blood pressure, SPO2 and heart rate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The intragroup comparisons (control–test drug) demonstrated that melatonin and ketorolac showed positive preemptive effect which compared to the control with mean differences significantly different from zero. However, when melatonin and ketorolac were compared there was no significant difference in postoperative pain among patients. The adoption of a preemptive medication protocol using either melatonin or ketorolac may be considered effective for pain and discomfort prevention during and post open-flap debridement surgeries. Melatonin showed similar effect to gold standard ketorolac in terms of its preemptive analgesic effect additional to having anti-inflammatory effect. Further studies are required to standardize the protocol for using melatonin as preemptive analgesic for dental surgical procedures.