Radar measurements of the electromagnetic energy rates associated with the dynamic ionospheric load/generator

Abstract

High resolution incoherent-scatter radar measurements from Sondrestrom, Greenland, are used to evaluate the energy characteristics of the dynamic load/generator throughout the high-latitude E region. The measurements provide a unique view of E-region electrodynamics and show for the first time the E-region processes that dictate ionospheric load/generator behavior. Also, the energy rate associated with the, often assumed, passive ionospheric load is shown for two extended periods of observations to be an overestimate of the actual energy transfer rate, typically by more than a factor of 1.5 for these data. The distribution and partitioning of the energy transfer rate into Joule heating and mechanical energy rates is also evaluated throughout the E region with both showing an altitude-dependent influence on the energy rates associated with the net load. These estimated quantities provide significant insight into understanding the contributing factors involved in the net transfer of electromagnetic energy between the ionosphere and magnetosphere.