Targeting biosignatures of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes comorbid depressive rats: effectiveness of hydroethanolic extract of the whole plant of Ludwigia octovalvis

Abstract

Background: The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the whole plant hydroalcoholic extract of Ludwigia octovalvis (HLO) against hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats induced with diabetes comorbid depression, diabetes comorbid depression (streptozotocin-nicotinamide + electric footshocks). Methods: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay of HLO versus ascorbic acid was done. Effects of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day HLO doses versus 25 mg/kg body weight/day metformin was studied through insulin, glucose, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and behavioral assessment (forced swim and open field tests). Results: IC50 values of HLO and ascorbic acid were 33.52 and 27.86 µg/mL respectively. Both the HLO doses showed intended results with respect to oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetes comorbid depression rats in comparison to metformin. Open field test showed better results for HLO in diabetes comorbid depression rats. However, hypoglycemic effects, and forced swim test performance of metformin was slightly higher than the 400 mg dose, followed by the 200 mg dose of HLO. Ethyl gallate, gallic acid, β-sitosterol, and quercetin in HLO might resulted in attenuating diabetic as well as depression biomarkers. Conclusion: Inhibition of glucosidase and lipase activity, and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation might be the possible biochemical changes occurred in HLO treated rats.