Mental Health Professionals’ Attitudes Towards Virtual Reality Therapies: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) therapies show promise in mental health treatment, yet their adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Understanding mental health professionals’ attitudes is crucial for successful implementation. A systematic search was conducted by the first author with support from a librarian in eight databases (PubMed [1966], PsycINFO [1967], Web of Science [1900], Scopus [1966], Medline [1946], Global Health [1973], Embase [1974], and PsycExtra [1908]), Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global until May 9th 2024. Twenty studies (2010–2024) from Europe (n = 11), North America (n = 5), Oceania (n = 3), and Asia (n = 1), comprising 1300 mental health professionals, meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research. The methodological quality of the included studies was moderate to high, but some limitations in sampling strategies. Data were synthesized using narrative synthesis. Results indicated that while only 3% of mental health professionals reported using VR in clinical settings, they predominantly held positive attitudes towards VR therapies but identified numerous barriers. Key facilitators included VR’s accessibility, safety and controllability (the therapist’s ability to customize stimulus according to patients’ needs), and increased patient engagement. Key barriers encompassed technical limitations, high cost, treatment suitability concerns, potential side effects, workload, and time investment. The findings highlight the need for targeted training programs, improved technological infrastructure, and clearer guidelines to support VR therapies in mental health practice. Future research could focus on ways to address these limitations and using facilitators to enhance VR adoption.