The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients: Literature Review

Abstract

Background: CABG affects the patient's psychology and physiology and can cause various post-operative complications. One of the nursing managements after heart surgery is carrying out a cardiac rehabilitation exercise program. One of the intervent ions carried out in phase I cardiac rehabilitation is breathing exercises. Objective: The aim of this literature review is that we hope to be able to identify the effect of breathing exercises on CABG patients. Method: This literature review uses databases: The databases used in this research are Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Proquest, Science Direct and Academic Journal. Articles were selected based on abstracts and full texts that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The article was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) and Population, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, Time (PICOT) guidelines. The article was criticized using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. Results: The results of the review of all the articles that have been studied show the effect of breathing exercises on CABG patients, namely from the psychological aspect, namely it can reduce anxiety and depression and the physiological aspect, namely it can stabilize heart rate, reduce pain and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: Various types of breathing exercises that can be used in phase I of rehabilitation for heart patients, namely Slow Deep Breathing Relaxation Exercise (SDBRE), yoga breathing exercises and breathing techniques with Heart Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback therapy to support the healing process patients with CABG.