Multifunctionality of pond fish farms in the opinion of the farm managers: the case of Hungary

Abstract

Freshwater fish ponds, besides producing fish, function as valuable aquatic habitats, contribute to the maintenance and enrichment of the quality of the ecosystem, play an important role in water and landscape management, provide services for various recreational activities and contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage. The multifunctional character of pond fish farming has been recognized for long time; however, recently it has also been realized that the deliberate multidirectional use of fish ponds (production, angling, recreation, education, etc.) offers additional economic benefits. Experience with the operation of multifunctional fish farms in Hungary has clearly shown that the diversification of activities is a promising alternative during the development of sustainable pond fish farming. However, further efforts are required to investigate the specificities and applicability of the various factors and also the optimal ratio between them to utilize the opportunities offered by multifunctional use of freshwater fish ponds. Research on multifunctional pond fish farming has mainly been limited to descriptions of the various functions of fish ponds, for example environmental services. However, the attitude of farm managers towards the possible multifunctional use of their farming system has never been investigated. In this study, the importance of the various existing or potential functions of a pond fish farm and their role in the future development of multifunctional pond fish farms have been investigated through the analysis of the appraisal of experienced farm managers by analytic hierarchy process. The results of the research provide empirical evidence that can be used for the elaboration of policies, development strategies, R&D and the legal frameworks needed for the sustainable development of multifunctional pond fish farming.