Biokraftstoffe der 2. Generation

Abstract

Biomass can make a contribution to mobility and travel if it reduces the dependence on crude oil and moderates the emissions of fossil carbon as carbon dioxide. Already bio motor fuels of the "first generation" such as ethanol from sugar and starch are being replaced by bio motor fuels of the "second generation", namely alcohols from cellulose and synthetic motor fuels from whatever kind of biomass. Specific yields can increase of residual materials such as straw and wood residues thereby avoiding or decreasing competition with foodstuffs production. The raw material base for bio motor fuels is expanded for the new processing paths. In one of them, the residual matters are reacted to form synthesis gas that is synthesized to synthetic hydrocarbon motor fuels. In the other, residual material (cellulose) is enzymatically pretreated, fermented, and after a separation step becomes an alcohol for use as motor fuel. Engine development is making the Otto and diesel engines increasingly comparable. The result at Volkswagen is the combined combustion system (CCS®). This combustion method reduces NOx and particles and increases efficiency by an early homogeneous self ignition. If the synthetic motor fuel (SunFuel®) is made by a biomass to liquids (BTL) process on the basis of regenerative primary energy such as biomass, then the motor fuel cycle is integrated over 90% in the natural carbon dioxide cycle. The great advantage of this motor fuel is that the present motor fuel infrastructure can be used.