Premixed calcium silicate‑based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta‑analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies

Abstract

Objectives: The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate‑based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods: Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta‑analysis was performed using the Stata. Results: Fifty‑two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%–50% of the items and in vitro 60%–100%. The studies included in the meta‑analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate‑based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion: Premixed calcium silicate‑based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin‑based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.