Digital Health Literacy Questionnaire for Older Adults: Instrument Development and Validation Study

Abstract

Background: The integration of digital technology into older adult health and care has enhanced the intelligence of health and older adult care products and services while also transforming how seniors acquire and share health information. Assessing older adults’ digital health literacy (DHL) is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a DHL assessment questionnaire for older adults. It also seeks to evaluate the questionnaire’s scientific validity and feasibility among community-dwelling older adults in China, providing a reliable tool for assessing their level of DHL. Methods: A literature review, focus group discussions, and the Delphi method were used to construct the questionnaire item pool and perform item screening. Item analysis was conducted for comprehensive evaluation, and questionnaire validity was assessed through construct validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity), content validity, and criterion-related validity. Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. Results: The study included 710 participants. Item analysis indicated that the questionnaire had strong discriminant validity. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that the item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.497 to 0.920 (P