Low-Cost Remote Sensing Module for Agriculture 4.0 Based on STM32 †

Abstract

Agriculture 4.0 integrates smart technologies to optimize agricultural management. This work proposes the development of a low-cost remote sensing module for small producers in the north of Paraná, Brazil, using the STM32F411CEU6 (STMicroelectronics, Geneva, Switzerland) microcontroller and the nRF24L01 (Nordic Semiconductor, Trondheim, Norway) + module for mesh communication. The system measures temperature, humidity, and pressure using DS18B20, BME280, and capacitive soil moisture sensors via Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Powered by a solar cell and Lithium Polymer (Li-Po) battery, along with a charge controller, the module acts as a transceiver, sending data to a gateway where it can be stored and analyzed, democratizing access to technology and supporting decision-making in crop management.