Neurodivergence and the Workplace: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background: Neurodivergence, which includes conditions such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, is increasingly recognized in workplace diversity discussions. Despite this, neurodivergent individuals face numerous barriers to accessing and retaining employment, often influenced by stigma and inconsistent inclusion policies. Objective: This systematic review aims to organize the literature on neurodivergent individuals and their interaction with the work environment, identifying key challenges and opportunities for improvement. Methods: A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted to gather peer-reviewed articles on neurodivergence and employment. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on hiring processes, workplace inclusion, and long-term retention. Results: The findings reveal significant challenges, including the impact of stigma and ineffective inclusion policies. While some organizations have begun adapting hiring practices, inconsistencies in defining neurodivergence versus neurodiversity complicate policy implementation. Key gaps remain in understanding career development and job retention for neurodivergent employes. Conclusions: The review highlights the need for standardized terminology, evidence-based inclusion practices, and further research into long-term career outcomes for neurodivergent individuals. Addressing these gaps is crucial for promoting a more inclusive and supportive work environment that values neurodiversity.