Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of death worldwide and can have varying manifestations. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rare complication of the clinical course of TB but carries a high mortality rate. We present a case of a diabetic African-American patient, with acute respiratory failure, rapidly progressing to ARDS secondary to TB, which had a fatal outcome. Clinicians should keep a high suspicion index for TB in the setting of ARDS since the use of empiric anti-TB treatment could potentially reduce mortality in these patients. Lay abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infection that can affect the lungs. Acute respiratory distress syndrome rarely occurs with TB but carries a high mortality. Early treatment is important because it can reduce mortality. We present a case of TB complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, which had an extremely poor outcome.