Thermal front condition through El Ni?o and Indonesian throughflow phase in southern sea of East Java and Bali on the east monsoon

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of El Ni?o 2013 and 2015 in the formation of thermal fronts in the southern sea of East Java and Bali and its correlation with Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The data that is used in this research were the SST from Aqua MODIS, Nino index of 3.4 derived from CPC NOAA, and Geostrophic current from AVISO. The used method was descriptive method with spatial and temporal analysis approach. Front can be detected in the data of SST raster image using a Cayulla Cornilon SPL 1992 algorithm with strong category of SST difference of > = 0.5 °C and with weak one of SST difference of 0.3 - 0.49 °C. The results show that thermalfront formed in the southern water of Java and Bali was the temporary front with weak and strong scale. The presence of El Ni?o affected the formation of thermal fronts, where it was formed during El Ni?o more than in normal states and El Ni?o affected transport ITF as well. It is because upwelling in the El Ni?o is stronger than at the normal condition.