Antimicrobial Effect of Three Different Nanoparticles-Modified 3D-Printed Denture Resin: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of adding zirconia nanoparticles (NPs; ZrO2NPs), silver NPs (AgNPs), and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2NPs) in various concentrations to three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture resin against Candida Albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, this study was carried out. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of 150 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 15 mm × 2 mm of unmodified (n = 15) and modified (n = 135) 3D-printed denture resin specimens after the addition of silanated ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, or TiO2NPs (n = 45) in varying concentrations (n = 15) of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% were compared using three oral bacteria (S.pyogenes, S. aureus, and C. albicans) as test subjects. Antimicrobial activity was tested by disk diffusion methods. Results: According to the results, when the three tested NPs (ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs) were added, the bacterial count significantly decreased compared with the unmodified 3D-printed resin. Additionally, the findings showed that as the concentration of the studied NPs increased, so did their antibacterial activity. At 1.5% and 1% concentrations, the AgNPs’ antibacterial activity was negligible. However, the in vitro study’s findings showed that, in terms of the kinds of microorganisms studied, there were no appreciable variations between the three tested NPs. Conclusion: The inclusion of ZrO2NPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs significantly had antimicrobial action against (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and C. albicans).