Canine brucellosis: a pratical review for the clinical veterinarian of small animals

Abstract

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease, caused by the genus Brucella, which compromises several species of domestic mammals, among which the canine species stands out. One of the major sources of contamination is direct contact with expelled tissue or genital secretions of bitches that have recently aborted. Brucella infection in dogs causes several clinical manifestations. In infected pregnant bitches, it can result in embryonic death, abortion and subsequent prolonged vaginal discharge. In males, infection is associated with epididymitis, scrotal dermatitis, testicular atrophy and infertility. Although many infected dogs are clinically normal, there may be impairment of the reproductive function, thus being a negative factor for the animals that make up breeding programs. The most commonly used diagnostic method is serology, in which whey tests can be cited rapid plaque agglutination, tube agglutination and immunodiffusion on agar gel. Treatment alternatives include concomitant and repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy and also castration of seropositives. Among the measures of prevention and control, we can mention the serological control of breeding dogs and animals that are to be introduced in kennels, as well as the use of disinfectants to eliminate the infectious agent, the excretions of the seropositive, present in the environment. In the context of public health, the dog has long been neglected as a source of infection for the human species, although it has a proven zoonotic potential, as well as a negative reflection on the economy.