WOMEN LEADERSHIP AND CORPORATE WATER INFORMATION DISCLOSURE: MODERATING EFFECT OF INTERNET VISIBILITY

Abstract

Indonesia faces a critical clean water scarcity issue, with only 67% of the population's water demand satisfied in 2021. This study examines the role of women directors in enhancing water information disclosure, focusing on the moderating effect of internet visibility. A quantitative research design was employed, analyzing secondary data from 723 Indonesian companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that published GRI Sustainability reports from 2019 to 2022. The unit of analysis is firm-year observations, with water disclosure measured through GRI 303 content analysis. Regression analysis tested the research hypotheses. Results show that women directors positively influence water disclosure, supporting the first hypothesis. Furthermore, the second hypothesis is also accepted, as internet visibility amplifies this relationship, fostering greater transparency. These findings highlight the novel role of internet visibility and gender diversity in enhancing water disclosure practices, offering insights into corporate governance for sustainable development in Indonesia.