Impact of Crop Residue Burning on Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 Dynamics in Jharkheda Village, Central India

Abstract

This study was conducted in Jharkheda village, located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, to assess the impact of crop residue burning (CRB) on ambient air particulate pollutant concentrations and dynamics. Ambient air concentrations of particulate matter, specifically PM2.5 and PM10, were continuously monitored using particulate samplers over a 58-day period from April 5, 2022 to June 1, 2022. PM10 concentrations were recorded twice a day, while PM2.5 was measured once daily. The data were categorized into three groups—pre-CRB, during-CRB, and post-CRB—and statistically analyzed to determine the significance of changes in mean concentrations. Results indicated a significant increase in both PM2.5 and PM10 levels during the CRB period, with mean concentrations rising by 25.8% and 25.6%, respectively, compared to pre-CRB levels. The daytime contribution to total PM10 was higher (55.1%) than that of the nighttime (44.9%) during the pre-CRB period. However, during the CRB period, the nighttime contribution to total PM10 increased significantly by 6.7%, suggesting that CRB activities were more prevalent during the night. This study provides crucial data that can inform policymakers and stakeholders, helping to develop more effective strategies for managing crop residue and improving air quality in the rural region.