The Role of Informal Institutions in Conflict: an Assessment Study in Swat, Pakistan

Abstract

This paper examines the role of informal institutions in the conflict of Swat, Pakistan. Swat conflict was a major militant conflict which aroused as a result of Talibanization in the region. The study depicts that how did informal institutions such as Jirga (elders' assembly), Jumat (Mosque) and Hujra (community center) play their role during Swat conflict? The study used qualitative approach such as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) to deeply analyze the role of the Jirga, Jumat and Hujra. However, the study reveals that Jumat supported the Taliban and militants to destabilize peace and harmony in Swat district. The Jumat (Mosque) played a major role to intensify the degree of conflict; Jumat had supported and helped militancy rather than to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, the role of Jumat was instrumental to fuel and support conflict situation. Taliban (militants) used Madressah (Jumat) for the propagation of conflict agenda, and to gain local supports. Keeping in view the findings, the study suggests that there is a need to formulate comprehensive laws and rules to supervise Jumat and Madressah to make them accountable to formal rules and procedures