Determinant factor of environmental quality based on carbon footprint levels in Asia using regression model and Jacobian optimization method

Abstract

The rapid economic growth in Asia has resulted in significant carbon emissions, leading to global climate change and environmental degradation. The situation is closely linked to increased industrial activities, population growth, and high energy consumption. Thus, this research is focused on analyzing whether the growth domestic product per capita, foreign direct investment per capita, energy use per capita, and forestland emissions per capita are associated with carbon footprint records in Asia. The attempt is conducted by employing parameter estimation of carbon footprint using a regression model and Jacobian Optimization procedure. The model incorporates data from FAOSTAT, Global Footprint Network, and the World Bank in 2021. The result suggested that if GDP per capita increases by 1,000 units, then the estimated average of carbon footprint per capita will also increase by 0.2, holding other variables remain constant. The finding contributes to formulating effective strategies for carbon footprint reduction and sustainable development in the region. The optimized parameter estimation provides valuable insights into the factors affecting the carbon footprint in Asia.