Ecological insights of dryland wetlands for climate resilience and its challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa, with its extensive dryland regions, is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The sub-Saharan wetlands are stunning ecosystems in combating climate change, where there is insufficient vegetation. Hence, Dryland-wetlands (DW) in sub-Saharan Africa are oases and pivotal for biodiversity, water management, and climate resilience. The face of threats is increasing due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. These wetlands, found in arid and semi-arid regions with low and irregular precipitation, are vital for sustaining diverse species and providing essential ecosystem services such as water purification and carbon sequestration. Despite their critical role, DW are under severe threat of overuse, land degradation, and climate variability. This review evaluates the ecological functions of dryland-wetlands, their benefits, including support for biodiversity and water regulation, and the substantial challenges. The review was sourced from Scopus academic databases. By amalgamating insights from scholarly articles, governmental publications, and specific cases, this investigation emphasizes the significance of safeguarding DW to sustain their ecological functions and ensure the resilience of arid and semi-arid zones in the context of climate change. It emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive management strategies and conservation efforts to safeguard these ecosystems. The study also identifies research gaps and suggests priorities for future work to enhance the protection and sustainable use of dryland-wetlands. The information may prove beneficial for the dryland community, policymakers, conservationists, and land stewards committed to safeguarding these crucial ecosystems.