Overview of diabetes mellitus types and medications

Abstract

Insulin is a hormone produced naturally by the pancreas through β cells, whereas glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas through α cells. Somatostatin is secreted by δ cells. These hormones play vital roles in metabolic actions in the human body, especially regulating glucose levels. The absence or lack of insulin causes diabetes, which is characterized by increase in level blood sugar level. Diabetes is the main reason for many diseases, such as kidney diseases, vision loss, nerve disorders, and cardiovascular difficulties. Insulin medication and other related composition and inhibition can reduce diabetes cases and lower mortality due to diabetes.