Presepsin levels in neonatal cord blood are not influenced by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract

Objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can present with various symptoms and can involve multiple organs. Women infected during pregnancy have a higher incidence of obstetrical complications and infants born to "positive"mothers may get the infection with different manifestations. Presepsin seems to be a promising sepsis biomarker in adults and neonates. The aim of this study was to assess if presepsin levels in neonatal cord blood could be influenced by maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: A total of 119 neonates born from women with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled and presepsin levels of cord blood samples were collected. All neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection at birth and after 48-72 h. Results: The median presepsin value in umbilical cord blood samples collected after birth was 455 pg/mL. Presepsin levels were not influenced by maternal symptoms of COVID-19, weight for gestational age, or delivery mode, and did not significantly differ between infants with and without adverse neonatal outcomes. Infants hospitalized for more than 5 days had a significantly higher presepsin level at birth rather than those discharged up to 4 days of life. Three infants with positive nasopharyngeal swab at birth had higher Presepsin levels than two infants tested positive at 48 h. Conclusions: This is the first study reporting cord presepsin levels in term and preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19, that appeared to be not influenced by maternal clinical presentation. However, further studies are needed to explain the mechanisms of P-SEP increase in neonates exposed to perinatal maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection or with an indeterminate/possible SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same neonates.