The Application of Classic Grounded Theory in Nursing Studies: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Abstract

Aim(s): To explore the application of Classic Grounded Theory (GT) methodology in nursing research and critically appraise studies employing Classic GT against the validated framework Guideline for Reporting and Evaluating Grounded Theory (GUREGT) research studies. Design: Systematic review without meta-analysis. Methods: The review followed the PRISMA statement and used the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guideline for data analysis. The quality of included articles was assessed using the CASP qualitative research appraisal tool, and the GUREGT framework was applied to evaluate adherence to Classic GT guiding principles. Data Sources: Databases were PUBMED, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health Database (ProQuest). Results: Twenty-nine studies from 2010 to 2024 met the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed inconsistencies in the reporting of Classic GT methodology in nursing research, with frequent omissions of key methodological elements. The GUREGT tool, while user-friendly and practical, highlights gaps in areas such as identifying the main concern, philosophical positioning, and engagement with the literature. These omissions can compromise methodological rigour, suggesting that further refinement of the GUREGT tool is necessary. Conclusion: The GUREGT tool provides a promising framework for improving the reporting and evaluation of Classic GT studies. However, its current version requires enhancement to fully address the unique demands of Classic GT and ensure rigorous application and reporting of the methodology. Development of a dedicated reporting guideline tailored to Classic GT is critical for advancing the quality of nursing research and supporting researchers in generating robust, theory-driven insights. Impact: Few studies critically appraise Classic GT methodology in health research. This review highlights the need for dedicated reporting guidelines to support methodological rigour and transparency in Classic GT studies. Reporting Method: This review adhered to EQUATOR reporting guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.