Modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology in Investigating Iranian Language Learners’ Attitudes Toward Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL)

Abstract

‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ : ‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬ ،‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻣﻮزان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺌﻮري‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬) MUTUAL .(‫روش‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ : ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ،‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫آوري‬. ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫واﻧﮓ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫وو‬ ،‫واﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬ ، ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ‬ 24 ‫ﻟﯿﮑﺮت‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﯾﺘﻢ‬ 5 ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬ 23 ‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﯾﺘﻢ‬ 6 ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﭼﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬. ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ 92 / 0 ‫و‬ 95 / 0 ‫ﺑﻮد‬. ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫آوري‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬ ، ‫آﻣﻮزان‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫از‬ ‫آﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ MALL ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬. ‫آﻣﺎره‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ IBM SPSS ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬ 21 ، ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬. ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ : ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﻼش‬ ،‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ادراك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ،‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ‬) 001 / 0 < p (. ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻣﺎره‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزان‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬. ،‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺪودي‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬. ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ : ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻏﯿﺐ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻣﻮزان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫آﻣﻮزان‬. ‫ﮐﻠﯿ‬ ‫واژﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺪي‬ ،‫رﻓﺘﺎري‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ،‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬ ،‫ﺳﯿﺎر‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬ Abstract Introduction: The Modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (MUTAUT) was used in this mixed methods study to investigate language learners' attitudes toward mobile assisted language learning (MALL). Methods: Two different student surveys were used to collect data quantitatively. The surveys consisted of 24 and 23 items, respectively, rated on a 6-point Likert scale. Reliability was estimated to be 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. To collect data qualitatively, language learners were interviewed regarding their opinions on MALL. Standard multiple regression and descriptive statistics employing IBM SPSS version 21 were used to analyze the data. Results: Analysis of quantitative data revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and perceived playfulness were significant predictors of the behavioral intention to use mobile devices, while self-management of learning and social influence were not (p<0.001). Analysis of descriptive statistics from the second survey showed that language learners have totally positive attitudes toward effectiveness and satisfaction; however, their attitudes about usefulness were