Numerical Simulation of an Indirect Solar Dryer Equipped with Thermal Conduction Enhancer Augmented Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Banana Drying

Abstract

An innovative indirect solar dryer, designed for banana dehydration, was developed and assessed, utilizing the Ansys software for simulation. The system comprises a vacuum tube water heater and a drying chamber, the latter of which incorporates phase-change materials (PCMs), thus enhancing the drying performance. A fan positioned within the chamber synergizes with the PCMs, effectively abbreviating the drying time. Computational simulations were executed to refine the system design and operational parameters. A sorption isotherm was constructed to delineate the optimal moisture content and water activity, fundamental parameters for efficient drying. The integrated solar collector facilitates the transformation of solar energy into heat, while the drying chamber, accommodating two baskets of produce, optimizes the heat distribution. Our system demonstrated the capacity to generate high drying temperatures, especially efficient for items exhibiting lower moisture content than bananas. The system achieved a predicted maximum efficiency of 67.40%, operating optimally within a temperature range of 60-65℃. Experimental results were congruent with computational simulations, reinforcing the efficacy of the drying chamber. This study introduces a novel, sustainable method for efficient fruit dehydration, spotlighting its potential applicability beyond bananas to other produce.