Agroforestry in a post-forest context: perspectives and controversies of political agenda setting in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

In the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, agroforestry has emerged as a key concept following extensive deforestation for plantation agriculture. Since the 2010s, this term has gained prominence in political discourse, international sustainability standards, and advertisements by chocolate companies. This article delves into the establishment of agroforestry in the Ivorian political landscape. Employing a comprehensive approach grounded in approximately sixty interviews and political documents, it analyzes the mobilization of the agroforestry concept in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, delves into the strategies employed for its promotion, and unveils the controversies it sparks. To begin, this study highlights that the integration of agroforestry into Côte d’Ivoire’s agenda occurs through diverse avenues. A myriad of instruments to promote agroforestry coexist, encompassing private certification standards, the regional African sustainability standard for cocoa, compensation for environmental services, and a domestic initiative named «Agro-Forêt» originating from the newly enacted Forestry Code. Moreover, notwithstanding the consensus surrounding agroforestry promotion, its broad definition permits stakeholders with varying interests to appropriate the concept. This study also sheds light on the multitude of objectives and perspectives embedded within the concept’s interpretation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire. It identifies controversies regarding the criteria of the agroforestry framework, its underlying purpose, the role of farmers, the scope of analysis, and the temporal dimensions to be considered. In conclusion, this note contributes to clarifying the diverse political translations of a concept originating from scientific studies. The intricate connections between biophysical research and political practice highlight the significance of considering this interface for an enhanced understanding of agroforestry and a successful transition.