Split it up and see: using proxies to highlight divergent inter-populational performances in aquaculture standardised conditions

Abstract

Background: Considering wild inter-populational phenotypic differentiation can facilitate domestication and subsequent production of new species. However, comparing all populations across a species range to identify those exhibiting suitable key traits for aquaculture (KTA; i.e. important for domestication and subsequent production) expressions is not feasible. Therefore, proxies highlighting inter-populational divergences in KTA are needed. The use of such proxies would allow to identify, prior to bioassays, the wild population pairs which are likely to present differentiations in KTA expressions in aquaculture conditions. Here, we assessed the relevance of three alternative proxies: (i) genetic distance, (ii) habitat divergence, and (iii) geographic/hydrologic distances. We performed this evaluation on seven allopatric populations of Perca fluviatilis for which divergences in KTA had already been shown. Results: We showed differences in the correlation degree between the alternative proxy-based and KTA-based distance matrices, with the genetic proxy being correlated to the highest number of KTA. However, no proxy was correlated to all inter-populational divergences in KTA. Conclusion: For future domestication trials, we suggest using a multi-proxy assessment along with a prioritisation strategy to identify population pairs which are of interest for further evaluation in bioassays.