Anti-Angiogenic Screening of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract Using Chorioallantonic Membrane Assay

Abstract

Angiogenesis is defined as the physiological process resulting in formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. However, angiogenesis in cancer will lead to tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, anti-angiogenesis is one of the ways to slow down growth and spreading of tumor. Moringa oleifera is also known as a “Miracle tree” which has high nutritive value and various therapeutics effects in different parts of the plant. This study aims to determine the anti-angiogenic property of Moringa oleifera leaves extract by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The extracts were prepared by decoction method using methanol (99.8%) and water. The qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out for both methanol and aqueous extracts. The fertilised chicken eggs were divided into six groups which include negative control group (phosphate-buffer saline with pH 7.4), positive control group (sunitinib), 50% and 100% methanol extract, 50% and 100% aqueous extract. The anti-angiogenic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract was determined by calculating the number and percentage decrease in blood vessels in post-24 and post-48 hours of treatment. Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA has shown significant (p<0.05) percentage reduction in the blood vessels between each treatment group after 48 hours of treatment. Among all the extracts, 100% aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera was found to have highest anti-angiogenic effect with the greater percentage decrease in blood vessels (81.33%) in post-48 hours of treatment. Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves was found to be increased when the concentration of the Moringa oleifera extract was increased.